Techniques for Studying the Oceans

Subject: Earth Science/Oceanography

Grade Level: 8

Time Allotment: (Flexible, adjust based on excursion logistics) Preparation: 2-3 class periods, Excursion: 1 day, Follow-up: 1-2 class periods

Project 2061 Benchmarks: 

1C.1 Important contributions to the advancement of science, mathematics, and technology have been made by different kinds of people, in different culture, at different times.

1C.3 No matter who does science and mathematics or invents things, or when or where they do it, the knowledge and technology that result can eventually become available to everyone in the world.

1C.6 Computers have become invaluable in science because they speed up and extend people´s ability to collect, store, compile, and analyze data, prepare research reports, and share data and ideas with investigators all over the world. 

National Science Education Standards

A.3 Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data.  The use of tools and techniques, including mathematics, will be guided by the question asked and the investigations student design. The use of computers for the collection, summary, and display of evidence is part of the standard.  Students should be able to access, gather, store, retrieve, and organize data, using hardware and software designed for this purpose.

E.6.a Scientific inquiry and technological design have similarities and differences. Scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world, and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations.  Technological solutions are temporary: technologies exist within nature and so they cannot contravene physical or biological principles, technological solutions have side effects, and technologies cost, carry risks, and provide benefits.

Kindness in: Research and Common Goods, Volunteering and Social Projects

Perseverance in: Research and Analysis, Collaboration, Problem Solving

Discipline in: Scientific Methods, Experiments and Sampling, Commitment to Reseach, 

Skills: Equipment Knowledge, Computational Skills, Scientific Communication

Learning Model: Experiential Learning/Inquiry-Based Learning

Learning Objectives: Students will be able to:

• Identify and describe various techniques used to study the oceans.
• Explain the principles and technologies behind these techniques.
• Analyze the advantages and limitations of different oceanographic methods.
• Evaluate the importance of oceanographic research for understanding and protecting marine environments.
• Develop observation, data collection, and analysis skills.
• Communicate scientific information effectively.

Excursion Location Options (Contact in advance to confirm availability and program offerings):

Physical Visit Options (If feasible):

• [Local University/College Oceanography Department]: (e.g., University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez, [Name of local institution if applicable]) Contact professors or researchers specializing in different oceanographic fields.
• [Local Marine Research Facility/Aquarium]: (e.g., [Name of local facility if applicable]) Inquire about educational programs or guided tours focusing on oceanographic research.
• [Coastal Area/Beach]: (If a research facility visit isn't possible) Design activities focusing on observing coastal features, collecting water samples, or studying local marine life.

Virtual Visit Options (If physical visits are not possible):

• Skype a Scientist: This program connects scientists with classrooms for virtual Q&A sessions: https://www.skypeascientist.com/
• Ocean Exploration Trust: Offers live interactive video from their exploration vessels: https://oceanexplorationtrust.org/
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration): Explore their educational resources and virtual tours: https://www.noaa.gov/
• Individual Oceanographers/Researchers: Search for oceanographers or researchers on university websites or research databases and reach out to them directly to inquire about virtual Q&A opportunities.

Preparation Activities (2-3 class periods):

1. Introduction to Oceanography: Discuss the importance of studying the oceans and the various fields within oceanography (e.g., physical, chemical, biological, geological).
2. Exploration Techniques: Introduce different methods used to study the oceans, including:
   • Remote Sensing: Satellites, sonar, radar.
   • Direct Observation: SCUBA diving, submersibles, ROVs, AUVs.
   • Sampling Techniques: Water sampling, sediment coring, plankton nets.
   • Data Analysis: Computer modeling, statistical analysis.
3. Research & Question Formulation: Divide students into small groups and assign each group a specific oceanographic technique to research. Groups should formulate questions they would like to ask experts about their assigned technique.
4. Logistics & Expectations: Discuss the logistics of the excursion (transportation, attire, behavior). Set clear expectations for student participation and data collection during the visit.

Excursion Activities (1 day):

1. Expert Interaction: Students interact with oceanography experts at the chosen location (physical or virtual). They ask their prepared questions and take notes on the experts' responses.
2. Demonstrations & Observations: Students observe demonstrations of oceanographic equipment and techniques (if available). They make observations and collect data related to their assigned technique.
3. Facility Tour (if applicable): Students tour the research facility or relevant areas, learning about the different labs and equipment used in oceanographic research.
4. Data Collection (if applicable): If visiting a coastal area, students can collect water samples, observe marine life, or study coastal features.

Follow-up Activities (1-2 class periods):

1. Data Analysis & Interpretation: Students analyze and interpret the data they collected during the excursion (if applicable).
2. Presentation Preparation: Groups prepare presentations summarizing their research, expert interviews, observations, and data analysis.
3. Presentations & Discussion: Students present their findings to the class. Facilitate a class discussion about the different oceanographic techniques and their importance for understanding and protecting marine ecosystems.
4. Reflection & Application: Students reflect on their learning experience and discuss how oceanographic research contributes to addressing real-world challenges related to the ocean.

Assessment:

• Participation in preparation activities and the excursion.
• Quality of data collection and analysis (if applicable).
• Content and delivery of presentations.
• Understanding of oceanographic techniques and their applications.

Differentiation:

• Provide different levels of complexity in research tasks and data analysis.
• Offer a variety of presentation formats.
• Provide individualized support to students as needed.

Extension Activities:

• Research careers in oceanography and related fields.
• Investigate current oceanographic research projects.
• Design and conduct a small-scale oceanographic experiment.

This excursion lesson plan provides students with a hands-on and engaging learning experience about the techniques used to study the oceans. By interacting with experts and participating in data collection and analysis, students develop a deeper understanding of oceanographic research and its importance for protecting marine ecosystems. Remember to adapt the lesson plan based on your specific location, resources, and student needs.